What was the percentage decline in the production of fertilizers from 1997 to 1998 ?

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

Percentage we can get easily by getting the difference between two and then by finding that difference is what percent of the initial value.
So lets solve:

\begin{aligned}
\text{Percentage =}\frac{45-60}{60}*100 \% \\
= -25 \%
\end{aligned}

So there was decline of 25% from the year 1997 to 1998.